Every website can be split up into two parts, the front end, and the back end. The frontend is all the visual stuff you see on the web page, and the back end is what saves and manages your data.
For example, if you are on amazon.com the backend would store your order history, your profile, it would load search results, and much more. In this video we're going to take a look at the technologies that are used in the back end of a website and in another video we explore the frontend technologies.
As an example, let's say that we're on amazon.com and we do some shopping, and now we're ready to make an order. When I click place order what happens?
We're going to start from the ground up. Any computer that's connected to the internet, including your computer and my computer, can send a message across the internet to another computer, that's also
connected to the internet. So to simplify things, amazon has a computer in their office building somewhere, and our computer is going to send a message containing our order to that amazon
computer. In this scenario the computer that is sending the message is called the client, and the computer that is receiving the message is called the server, but before this happens, computers they
can't receive messages from the internet by default. We have to program them to be able to receive messages. To do that we need a back end programming language.
Almost every programming language has a feature that turns a computer into a server and allows it to receive messages.
Popular backend programming languages are javascript, sometimes called node.js, python, ruby, and java. However, using a backend programming language by itself is actually really difficult, and requires a huge amount of code. So there are two tools that we use to help with this.
A back-end framework and a package manager. A back-end framework helps us create a server much easier and with a lot less code.
Each backend programming language has a few different frameworks to choose from, but the most popular ones are express js for javascript, python django, ruby on rails, and java spring.
In the back end we also use a lot of code that other people have written, called packages, to do common tasks like doing calculations, talking to a database, and setting up user login and authentication. We typically use a lot of packages in our back end and in order to install and manage all these packages we
use something called a package manager. Each language has its own package manager.Watch the video below:
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